In plasmas, when the density of particle number is very high, the thermal de Broglie wavelength is similar to the average interparticle distance, both the quantum effect and collective effect is important, this is so called quantum plasmas. 当等离子体的密度很高时,德布罗意波长与粒子间的平均间距相当,此时量子效应和集体效应同时起作用,这种等离子体被称为量子等离子体。